What is Laryngitis: Causes, Symptoms, and Prevention

The term "laryngitis" simply means inflammation of the larynx. Acute laryngitis is a short duration event whereas chronic laryngitis is diagnosed when it lasts more than three weeks.

Laryngitis can arise from a variety of factors—most commonly laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR), tobacco and environmental inhalation, voice overuse, allergies, and infection. Laryngitis causes voice changes and increase the risk of permanent vocal injury.

Symptoms such as lingering hoarseness, chronic throat clearing, cough, vocal fatigue, and a dry or tickling sensation in the throat should be evaluated within 2 weeks (or 2 days if a professional voice user) to avoid permanent injury.

Causes of Laryngitis

Laryngopharyngeal Reflux (LPR)

Stomach acid that backs up into the throat irritates the vocal folds and surrounding tissue, leading to inflammation. Lifestyle measures (e.g. small meals, weight loss, avoiding triggering foods) and medications such as proton pump inhibitors reduce reflux‑related irritation.

Tobacco and Environmental Irritants

Cigarette smoke and airborne pollutants introduce toxins that inflame and dehydrate laryngeal lining, impairing its ability to heal. Smoking cessation and minimizing exposure to secondhand smoke and chemical fumes are critical steps in recovery. Gargling after smoking or vaping can reduce risk of irritation and injury while you are attempting to quit.

Voice Misuse and Overuse

Excessive talking, shouting, or singing without rest strains the vocal folds, causing micro‑injuries and edema (swelling). Incorporating regular voice rest, moderating volume, and speaking in environments with minimal background noise help reduce mechanical stress. Voice therapy can be critical to optimize voice production and reduce risk of injury from use.

Allergies and Chronic Infections

Allergic reactions and viral or bacterial infections trigger an inflammatory response. Postnasal drip during these events further irritates the larynx. Treatment may involve nasal lavage, medications to minimize drip, or antihistamines or immunotherapy for allergies.

Altered Laryngeal Microbiome

Emerging research suggests that shifts in the native microbial communities of the larynx may perpetuate chronic inflammation. Although still under study, this insight points toward future microbial‑targeted therapies.

Symptoms to Watch For

• Persistent Hoarseness

  • A raspy or breathy voice lasting beyond two weeks indicates the need for evaluation.

• Throat Clearing & Chronic Cough

  • Frequent clearing of the throat and a non‑productive cough reflect ongoing mucosal irritation.

• Vocal Fatigue & Reduced Range

  • Loss of vocal endurance or range suggests inflammation and should be evaluated.

• Dryness or Tickling Sensation

  • A constant scratchy or dry feeling may be a sign of vocal injury or inflammation and warrants examination.

Prevention and Management

Vocal Hygiene & Rest

Rest your voice regularly—aim for brief breaks every hour of talking—and avoid whispering or yelling. When speaking to groups, consider using amplification devices (e.g., a microphone) to minimize strain.

Hydration & Humidification

Maintain optimal vocal fold lubrication by drinking plenty of water and using a room humidifier or inhaling steam. These measures soothe inflamed tissues and support healing.

Avoidance of Irritants

Stop smoking and steer clear of smoky or dusty environments. Limiting alcohol and caffeine intake can also help prevent dryness.

Reflux Control

Adopt reflux‑reducing habits: identify and avoid your trigger foods. These are different for everyone and reduction should be targeted to your triggers (learn more here), and follow medical advice on antacid or PPI therapy as needed.

Medical Evaluation & Voice Therapy

A laryngologist is best equipped to examine and determine the cause of voice and laryngeal issues. Referral to a speech‑language pathologist for structured voice therapy can correct harmful vocal patterns and strengthen healthy technique.

Laryngitis can significantly impair communication and quality of life if not addressed promptly. By recognizing early warning signs, adopting evidence‑based preventive measures, and seeking specialized medical and therapeutic support, individuals can protect and restore their vocal health. Voice symptoms should be diagnosed and treatment should reduce or eliminate symptoms - if not, there should be a concern for misdiagnosis.

Center for Vocal Health offers comprehensive evaluations, personalized treatment plans, and expert voice therapy to help every patient achieve a strong, healthy voice.